CBSE ADDA

1. To study the following properties of acetic acid (ethanoic acid) : i) odour ii) solubility in water iii) effect on litmus iv) reaction with sodium bicarbonate 2. To study saponification reaction for preparation of soap. 3. To study the comparative cleaning capacity of a sample of soap in soft and hard water. 4. To determine the focal length of i. Concave mirror and ii. Convex lens by obtaining the image of a distant object. 5. To trace the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for different angles of incidence. Measure the angle of incidence, angle of refraction, angle of emergence and interpret the result. 6. To study (a) binary fission in Amoeba and (b) budding in yeast with the help of prepared slides. 7. To trace the path of the rays of light through a glass prism. 8. To draw the images of an object formed by a convex lens when placed at various positions. 9. To study homology and analogy with the help

MCQ’S Based on : Aldehydes, Ketones and Haloalkanes Q01. The general molecular formula of aldehydes and ketones is 1) CnH2n-1.O 2) CnH2nO 3) CnH2n+2O 4) CnH2n+4O Q02. Aldehyde functional group can occur 1) Any where in the carbon chain 2) In the middle of the carbon chain 3) Only at the second carbon atom 4) only at either end carbon atom of the chain Q03. Propan-2-ol on treatment with copper at 3000c forms 1) Acetone 2) Acetaldehyde 3) Ethane 4) Both 1 and 2 Q04. Which of the following is correct? 1) Aldehydes undergo Cannizzaro’s reaction 2) Aldehydes are less susceptible to oxidation than ketones 3) Aldehydes are more susceptible to oxidation than ketones 4) Formaldehyde forms CuO with Fehling’s solution Q05. IUPAC

Pie and Sigma bond _Carbon and ItsCompound The sigma bond is a bond formed by head to head overlap of orbitals. In sigma bonds the electron density is concentrated in between the two atoms. The   sigma bond in a molecule is denoted by a single bond . Hence in a molecule, all the single bonds are sigma bonds. For example in ethane (CH 3 -CH 3 ), there are seven single bonds. So, there are seven sigma bonds in ethane (six C-H and one C-C). Thus saturated hydrocarbons possess only sigma bonds. The formation of sigma bonds is shown below Pie bond is formed by the sideways overlapping of orbitals. In pie bonds, the electron density also concentrates between the atoms, but on either side of the line joining the two atoms. the shape of the molecule is determined by the sigma bonds but not by the pie bonds. Pie bond in fact shortens the bond length. A double bond is made up of one sigma bond and one pie bond. A triple bond is made up of one sigma bond and two pie bonds. Thus the