1. An object of mass 2 kg is
sliding with a constant velocity of 4 m/ s on
a frictionless horizontal table. The force required to keep the object moving
with the same velocity is
(a) 32 N (b) 0
N (c) 2
N (d) 8 N Ans: (b]
2. Rocket
works on the principle of conservation of
(a)
mass (b)energy (c)
momentum (d) velocity Ans: [c]
3.A car is
moving at 45 km/hr.A constant force acts on the car for 10 sc .So that it's
velocity becomes 63 km/hr .The distance travelled by car during this interval
of 10 sec is :
a) 100 m b) 150 m
c) 200 m d) 50 m
Ans: [b]
4. What is the
definition of balanced and unbalanced force?
Ans: When two
equal forces acting on an object in opposite directions called balanced force. When
something does not move the forces are balanced, e.g. Gravity pulls a table
down but that table is pushed up by the floor or the ground it stands on so
doesn’t’ move.
An Unbalanced force is needed for something to change movement or change
direction, e.g. a seesaw moving up and down because the forces are not equal.
Net force: - The
sum of all the forces acting on a body is known as net force.
4. Difference
between Balanced force and unbalanced force.
Ans: Balanced
force:- If net force on a body is zero it is called balanced
force. Balanced forces do not cause a change in motion. They are equal in
magnitude and opposite in direction. Therefore, the resultant of these forces
will be zero.
Example: Two persons
pushing a box with the same force in opposite directions.
Unbalanced forces:- If net
force on a body is non-zero it is called unbalanced force.
Forces whose
resultant is not equal to zero are called unbalanced forces. For example: An
arm wrestling competition among a strong person and a weak one. The resultant
force will be in the direction of the force applied by the strong person.
5. What Is
Inertia
Ans: By Newton's law we know
that ,a body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will continue in
a straight line unless it is compelled by an external force.This tendency of a
body is called inertia.So we can say that 'Inertia is that property of a body
due to which it resists a change in its state of rest or of uniform motion.'
6. When the brakes are applied
to the bike the back seater moves forward why?
Ans: When the bike accelerates suddenly the
back seater who was initially at rest experiences a force of friction at the
point of contact between him and the bike. His inertia of rest tries to keep
him at rest which results in a backward push. Thus, the back seater moves
backwards when the bike accelerates suddenly.
When the brakes are applied the inertia of motion of the back seater tries to
keep him in motion so he moves forward.
7. There are three solids made
up of aluminium, steel and wood, of the same shape and same volume. Which of
them would have highest inertia?
Ans: Since steel has greatest
density and greatest mass, therefore, it has highest inertia.
As the mass is a measure of inertia,
the ball of same shape and size, having more mass than other balls will have
highest inertia.
8. Two balls of the same size
but of different materials, rubber and iron are kept on the smooth floor of a
moving train. The brakes are applied suddenly to stop the train. Will the balls
start rolling? If so, in which direction? Will they move with the same speed?
Give reasons for your answer
Ans: Yes. the balls
will start rolling in the direction in which the train was moving. Due to
the application of the brakes, the train comes to rest but due to inertia the
balls try to remain in motion, therefore, they begin to roll.
Since the masses of the balls
are not the same, therefore, the inertial forces are also not same on both the
balls. Thus, the balls will move with different speeds.
9. Horse need continues of
force in order to move a cart with a constant speed. Why?
Horse need continues of force in order
to move a cart with a constant speed to balances the force of friction.
10. Write a short note on third
law of motion
Ans: Third law of motion : This law deals with the
forces between bodies that appear in pairs. It says that “every action
has an equal and opposite reaction”
When you stand on the ground,
your weight pushes the ground downwards; does this make the ground to move
downward? No, because the ground pushes you upward with a force equal to your
weight and hence these equal and opposite forces cancel out and you stand on
the ground balanced.
Force by you on the ground and
force on you by the ground are two equal and opposite forces acting in pairs at
the surface that is common to both you and the ground.
Newton’s 3 rd law
of motion is applicable wherever there is action-reaction force pair. Like
walking, shooting with a pistol, collision, rocket propelling, etc.
11. How a karate player can
break a pile of tiles with a single blow of his hand?
Ans: Karate player strikes the
piles in a very short time in a very small area. Since, impulse, I = F ×
t Þ F =
I/t. If ‘t’ will be very short the force becomes very
large and act on smaller area .This produce enough pressure by his hand on
break the brick
12. Define momentum?
Ans: Momentum (Linear momentum) for moving
body is defined as the product of mass and velocity. If a body is moving
with velocity, v and having mass, m then momentum of body is p = m x v.
Momentum is a vector quantity. Its
direction is the same as that of velocity. SI unit of momentum (p) is kg-m/s
13. Explain why it is easier to
stop a tennis ball than a cricket ball moving with the same speed?
Ans. Cricket ball has more momentum than
the tennis ball due to greater mass. That’s why it is easier to stop a tennis
ball than a cricket ball moving with the same speed.
14. Why a goalkeeper in a game
of football pulls his hands backwards after holding the ball shot at the goal.
Ans: To reduce the
force exerted by ball on hand by increasing time as F = I/t.
15. A passenger in a moving
train tosses a coin which falls behind him. Why?
Ans: Because that motion of the
train is accelerated.
16. State and explain the three laws of Newton?
Ans: First law of
motion: Newton’s First law explains
the “natural” motion of an object when it is left free. The law says
that- Every object continues in its state of rest, or of uniform motion
in a straight line with unchanging speed, unless compelled to do otherwise by
forces acting upon it.
So, naturally an object at rest will
remain at rest and an object moving with a constant speed in a straight line
will keep moving, unless they are disturbed by a force.
This property of matter to continue
its state of rest or of uniform motion is called “Inertia”. Hence, this law is
also called the Law of Inertia.
Second law of motion: Newton’s 2nd law
of motion relates the external force (F) acting on a body with the mass (m) of
the body; and is mathematically written as F = ma, ‘a’ is the acceleration of
the body due to the force. It states that the acceleration of a body
due to net external force acting on it is equal to the net force divided by the
mass of the body.
The difficulty you face while pushing
or pulling a heavier box compared to a lighter box is explained by the 2nd law
of motion.
Third law of motion: This law deals with the
forces between bodies that appear in pairs. It says that every action
has an equal and opposite reaction. When you stand on the ground, your
weight pushes the ground downwards; does this make the ground to move downward?
No, because the ground pushes you upward with a force equal to your weight and
hence these equal and opposite forces cancel out and you stand on the ground
balanced. Force by you on the ground and force on you by the ground are two
equal and opposite forces acting in pairs at the surface that is common to both
you and the ground.
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