Nationalism In India Class 10 Notes

10th History-Chapter 2  - Nationalism In India

Nationalism: Patriotism; a feeling of collective belonging of one’s nation; sharing common feelings of identity. Nation-state: A state having common territory and inhabited by people sharing common language, race, culture, etc.

Rowlatt Act: An Act passed by British Government in India in 1919. It authorized the government to arrest and imprisons a person without trial. The Act was against civil rights.
Civil disobedience: Refusal to comply with certain laws as a method of peaceful protest.

Gudem Rebels: The people who participated in the militant guerrilla movement in the Gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh. It was a resistance movement against the colonial government who prevented the people from entering the forests for grazing their cattle or collect firewood or fruits from the region.

Q .1. What was the notion of Swaraj for plantation workers in Assam?

Ans. For plantation workers in Assam, Swaraj or freedom meant the right to move freely and retaining a link with the village from which they had come.

Q . 2.  Why did Indian leader oppose Rowlatt Act in 1919?

Ans.

1. Rowlatt Act was opposed by Indians as it deprived the people of their civil rights.

2. It authorized the government to imprison people without trial.

Q . 3.  When was the Gandhi-Irwin Pact signed? Mention any one of its provisions.

Ans.. Gandhi-Irwin Pact was signed in March 1931

1. Gandhi agreed to attend the 2nd round table conference to be held in London.

2. The government would release political prisoners except those who were charged with violence in exchange for the withdrawal of the Civil Disobedience Movement.

Q. 4.  Why was Champaran Satyagraha organized?

Ans. Champaran Satyagraha was organized in 1916 by Gandhiji to protest against the oppressive plantation system in indigo plantations of Bihar.

Q. 5.  With what aim was Satyagraha organized in Kheda in 1917?

Ans.  The main aim of Kheda Satyagraha was to support the peasants, affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic the peasants of Kheda could not pay revenue demanded by the landlords.

Q. 6 .  What was the significance of the Calcutta and Nagpur Sessions of Congress held in 1920?

Ans. At Calcutta Session of congress in September 1920, Gandhiji convinced other leaders of the need for starting a Non-cooperation Movement in support of Khilafat as well as swaraj.

Q. 7 .  Who was Baba Ramchandra? Mention any two contribution of Baba Ramchandra in peasants movement.

Ans. Baba Ramchandra was a sanyasi leader of peasants movement who on behalf of peasants demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of beggar, and social boycott of oppressive landlords. He worked in the region of Awadh.

Q. 8 .  Where is Gudem hills situated? Why is this place remembered in the history of national movement?

Ans. Gudem Hills is situated in Andhra Pradesh. This place became well known because during Non-cooperation movement a militant guerrilla movement was organized here under Alladi Sitaram Raju.