Ch01 Crop Production and management Incredible
science
A. Choose the correct option.
1.Which of the following machines is used
for harvesting and threshing?
a. Harvestor b. Cultivator c. Sickle d. Combine
2.Field fallow is done
a. in the summer season only
b. so that farmers can grow other crops in
the same field
c. to replenish the lost nutrients in the
soil by natural means
d. to kill weeds
3. Which of the following is a cash crop?
a. Banana
b. Cereals c. Pepper
d. Pulses
4. Apiculture is the rearing of
a. honey bees b. freshwater fish c. marine fish d. fowls
5, Which of the following is a modern
method of irrigation?
a. Moat
b. Rahat e. Drip irrigation d.
Dhekli
Ans: A. 1. d 2. c 3. c 4. a 5. c
B. Fill in the blanks using the words given
in the box.
1. Loosening and turning of soil is known
as ---------
2. ----- and ------- are examples of
insecticides.
3. The process of removing unwanted plants
from the field is called --------
4. Legumes have a bacteria called ------- their
root nodules.
5. Milk producing animals are also known as
----- animals.
Ans: B. 1. ploughing 2.
malathion, dimecron 3. weeding 4. Rhizobium 5. milch
C. State whether the following statements
are true or false. Correct the false statement.
1. Manures add specific nutrients to the
soil.
2. Cutting and gathering of crops is called
harvesting
3. Cold storage is used to store vegetables
and fruits.
4. Seed drill is a traditional device used
for sowing seeds.
5. Fish farming on a large scale is known
as pisciculture.
Ans: C. 1. False.
Fertilizers add specific nutrients to the soil.
2. True
3. True
4. False. Seed drill
is modern tool used for sowing seeds.
5. True
D. Give reasons for each of the following.
1. Drip irrigation system is the best
technique to water fruit plants and vegetables.
2. Seeds should be sown at appropriate
distances and at proper depths.
3. Weeds should be removed from plants.
4. Granaries should be fumigated before
storing grains.
5. Grains should be dried before storage.
Ans: 1. It is the best
technique to water fruit plants and vegetables as water is allowed to fall drop
by drop only at the roots of the plants, thus avoiding wastage of water.
2. Seeds should be
sown at proper depths and distances so that they get sufficient amounts of
sunlight, nutrients and water and grow into healthy high-yielding plants.
3. Weeds should be
removed as they compete with the crop plants for nutrients, water, sunlight and
space. They reduce the yield of the crop plants. They grow very quickly and may
be toxic for animals and human beings. They may also spread pests and diseases
to the main crop.
4. The granaries
should be fumigated to improve storage and avoid loss of grains due to pests,
insects and rats.
5. The grains should
be dried in the sun to avoid destruction and loss of grains by insects and
pests.
E. Answer the following questions in one
word or a sentence.
1. Define winnowing.
2. Why is levelling done?
3. What is green manure?
4. How is the cultivator useful for a
farmer?
5. What is the advantage of
transplantation?
Ans: 1. The process of
separating the grain from the chaff is called winnowing.
2. Levelling is done
to break the big lumps of soil and make the field even before sowing the seeds.
3. Crops such as
legumes are cultivated on the land and then ploughed back into the soil. This
is called green manure.
4. A cultivator is a
modern farm implement that has many metallic blades and is attached to the
tractor. It is used to plough the field. It saves time and is easy to operate.
5. Transplantation
enables the farmer to select healthy saplings and plant them at correct
distances.
F. Answer the following questions in brief.
1. What is broadcasting?
2. How does field fallow improve soil
fertility?
3. What would happen if pesticides are used
indiscriminately by farmers?
4. Name the tools used in the preparation
of soil.
5. What are weeds? Give two examples.
Ans: F. 1. Broadcasting
involves the scattering of seeds all over the field by hand. It is not
efficient as it can neither ensure proper spacing between the seeds nor the
correct depth.
2. Field fallow is a
method where the land is left uncultivated for one or more seasons. The
microorganisms in the soil, such as bacteria, decompose the dead and decaying
organic matter, and add humus to the soil. It is a natural method to recover
the lost nutrients.
3. pesticides can
easily pollute the soil and water bodies and gradually enter into our body
through the food chain. It can cause various health related issues.
4. Plough, hoe,
cultivator and leveller are some tools used for preparation of the soil.
5. Weeds are the
undesirable plants that grow along with the main crop plants in the field.
These weeds share nutrients, water, sunlight and space with main crops. They
reduce the yield of the crop plants.
Grass, amaranthus and
wild oats are some common weeds.
G. Answer the following questions in
detail.
1. Differentiate between:
a. Manures and fertilizers
ans. Manures are
natural substances obtained by decomposition of vegetable and animal waste by
the action of microorganisms.
Fertilizers are
chemical substances commercially produced in factories. They add specific
nutrients to the soil to replace the lost minerals
b. Pesticides and weedicides
Ans: Pesticides are chemicals that kill only the
pests and do not harm the crop plants.
Weedicides are
chemicals that kill only the weeds and do not affect the crop plants.
c. Winnowing and threshing
Ans: The process of separating the grains from the stalk is known as
threshing. This can be done manually by beating the harvested crops on a hard
surface.
The process of
separating the grain from the chaff is known as winnowing.
This can be done manually
by dropping grain from height.
2.Explain the various ways to control pests
in a farm.
Ans: Various ways to
control pests in a farm:
• The diseased crops
can be burned in field
• Deep ploughing can
kill the eggs of various insects and pests.
• Sowing
disease-resistant variety of seeds
• Pesticides can be
sprayed on the plants.
3. Write the advantages of ploughing.
Ans: Some advantages of ploughing:
• ploughing loosen
soil and allows the roots to penetrate and breathe deeper into the soil.
• ploughing helps in
bringing the nutrient-rich soil to the top and in mixing the fertilizers
properly so that the plants can absorb these nutrients more easily.
• It helps to retain
moisture for a longer period.
• It helps to remove
unwanted plants and destroys the eggs of insects or pests that can damage the
crop in the future.
4. Explain how crop rotation improves soil
fertility.
Ans: The practice of growing different crops alternately on the same piece of
land is called crop rotation.
For example, legumes
are grown between two cereal crops in crop rotation. Cereal crops use up a lot
of nutrients where Leguminous plants can fix atmospheric nitrogen into usable
nitrates in the soil, thus improving the soil fertility
5.Explain two methods by which farmers can
avoid wastage of water in their fields.
Ans Farmers should
follow the given methods to avoid wastage of water.
Sprinkler irrigation
system: In this system, a main pipe is linked to a network of smaller pipes. Rotating
nozzle are attached on their tops. Water flows like rain and save wastage of
water. It is more useful on uneven dry lands where there is insufficient water
supply
Drip irrigation system:
In this method, water is allowed to fall
drop by drop only at the roots of the fruits and vegetables plants. This method
is excellent for regions with severe scarcity of water. : It is the best
technique to water fruit plants and vegetables.
H. Out of the box!
1. Why do people prefer organically grown
fruits and vegetables?
2. Arjun's mother told him to wash apple
and grapes thoroughly with water before eating them as they were brought from a
wholesale market. Why?
3. Why can't paddy be grown in the winter
season?
4. Why are earthworms called farmer's
friend?
Ans: H. 1. Organic farming is the agricultural practice
that includes growing crops using environmentally safe pesticides, weedicides
and fertilizers. Fruits and vegetables grown organically are chemical-free and
are safe for human beings.
2. Fruits bought from
the wholesale market must be thoroughly washed with water as they can contain
chemicals such as pesticides, dust and dirt on the surface, which can cause
harm to the body.
3. Paddy (rice) is a
kharif crop and grows well in places when there is plenty of water. So, it
cannot grow well in winter season.
4. Earthworm is known
as farmer’s friend as it makes the soil porous by turning the soil. This
increases the water holding capacity of the soil. The earthworm also converts
the biodegradable waste into manure.
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